objects.py

#
#

# Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Google Inc.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
# 02110-1301, USA.


"""Transportable objects for Ganeti.

This module provides small, mostly data-only objects which are safe to
pass to and from external parties.

"""

# pylint: disable=E0203,W0201,R0902

# E0203: Access to member %r before its definition, since we use
# objects.py which doesn't explicitly initialise its members

# W0201: Attribute '%s' defined outside __init__

# R0902: Allow instances of these objects to have more than 20 attributes

import ConfigParser
import re
import copy
import time
from cStringIO import StringIO

from ganeti import errors
from ganeti import constants
from ganeti import netutils
from ganeti import objectutils
from ganeti import utils

from socket import AF_INET


__all__ = ["ConfigObject", "ConfigData", "NIC", "Disk", "Instance",
           "OS", "Node", "NodeGroup", "Cluster", "FillDict", "Network"]

_TIMESTAMPS = ["ctime", "mtime"]
_UUID = ["uuid"]


def FillDict(defaults_dict, custom_dict, skip_keys=None):
  """Basic function to apply settings on top a default dict.

  @type defaults_dict: dict
  @param defaults_dict: dictionary holding the default values
  @type custom_dict: dict
  @param custom_dict: dictionary holding customized value
  @type skip_keys: list
  @param skip_keys: which keys not to fill
  @rtype: dict
  @return: dict with the 'full' values

  """
  ret_dict = copy.deepcopy(defaults_dict)
  ret_dict.update(custom_dict)
  if skip_keys:
    for k in skip_keys:
      try:
        del ret_dict[k]
      except KeyError:
        pass
  return ret_dict


def FillIPolicy(default_ipolicy, custom_ipolicy, skip_keys=None):
  """Fills an instance policy with defaults.

  """
  assert frozenset(default_ipolicy.keys()) == constants.IPOLICY_ALL_KEYS
  ret_dict = {}
  for key in constants.IPOLICY_ISPECS:
    ret_dict[key] = FillDict(default_ipolicy[key],
                             custom_ipolicy.get(key, {}),
                             skip_keys=skip_keys)
  # list items
  for key in [constants.IPOLICY_DTS]:
    ret_dict[key] = list(custom_ipolicy.get(key, default_ipolicy[key]))
  # other items which we know we can directly copy (immutables)
  for key in constants.IPOLICY_PARAMETERS:
    ret_dict[key] = custom_ipolicy.get(key, default_ipolicy[key])

  return ret_dict


def FillDiskParams(default_dparams, custom_dparams, skip_keys=None):
  """Fills the disk parameter defaults.

  @see: L{FillDict} for parameters and return value

  """
  assert frozenset(default_dparams.keys()) == constants.DISK_TEMPLATES

  return dict((dt, FillDict(default_dparams[dt], custom_dparams.get(dt, {}),
                             skip_keys=skip_keys))
              for dt in constants.DISK_TEMPLATES)


def UpgradeGroupedParams(target, defaults):
  """Update all groups for the target parameter.

  @type target: dict of dicts
  @param target: {group: {parameter: value}}
  @type defaults: dict
  @param defaults: default parameter values

  """
  if target is None:
    target = {constants.PP_DEFAULT: defaults}
  else:
    for group in target:
      target[group] = FillDict(defaults, target[group])
  return target


def UpgradeBeParams(target):
  """Update the be parameters dict to the new format.

  @type target: dict
  @param target: "be" parameters dict

  """
  if constants.BE_MEMORY in target:
    memory = target[constants.BE_MEMORY]
    target[constants.BE_MAXMEM] = memory
    target[constants.BE_MINMEM] = memory
    del target[constants.BE_MEMORY]


def UpgradeDiskParams(diskparams):
  """Upgrade the disk parameters.

  @type diskparams: dict
  @param diskparams: disk parameters to upgrade
  @rtype: dict
  @return: the upgraded disk parameters dict

  """
  if not diskparams:
    result = {}
  else:
    result = FillDiskParams(constants.DISK_DT_DEFAULTS, diskparams)

  return result


def UpgradeNDParams(ndparams):
  """Upgrade ndparams structure.

  @type ndparams: dict
  @param ndparams: disk parameters to upgrade
  @rtype: dict
  @return: the upgraded node parameters dict

  """
  if ndparams is None:
    ndparams = {}

  if (constants.ND_OOB_PROGRAM in ndparams and
      ndparams[constants.ND_OOB_PROGRAM] is None):
    # will be reset by the line below
    del ndparams[constants.ND_OOB_PROGRAM]
  return FillDict(constants.NDC_DEFAULTS, ndparams)


def MakeEmptyIPolicy():
  """Create empty IPolicy dictionary.

  """
  return dict([
    (constants.ISPECS_MIN, {}),
    (constants.ISPECS_MAX, {}),
    (constants.ISPECS_STD, {}),
    ])


class ConfigObject(objectutils.ValidatedSlots):
  """A generic config object.

  It has the following properties:

    - provides somewhat safe recursive unpickling and pickling for its classes
    - unset attributes which are defined in slots are always returned
      as None instead of raising an error

  Classes derived from this must always declare __slots__ (we use many
  config objects and the memory reduction is useful)

  """
  __slots__ = []

  def __getattr__(self, name):
    if name not in self.GetAllSlots():
      raise AttributeError("Invalid object attribute %s.%s" %
                           (type(self).__name__, name))
    return None

  def __setstate__(self, state):
    slots = self.GetAllSlots()
    for name in state:
      if name in slots:
        setattr(self, name, state[name])

  def Validate(self):
    """Validates the slots.

    """

  def ToDict(self):
    """Convert to a dict holding only standard python types.

    The generic routine just dumps all of this object's attributes in
    a dict. It does not work if the class has children who are
    ConfigObjects themselves (e.g. the nics list in an Instance), in
    which case the object should subclass the function in order to
    make sure all objects returned are only standard python types.

    """
    result = {}
    for name in self.GetAllSlots():
      value = getattr(self, name, None)
      if value is not None:
        result[name] = value
    return result

  __getstate__ = ToDict

  @classmethod
  def FromDict(cls, val):
    """Create an object from a dictionary.

    This generic routine takes a dict, instantiates a new instance of
    the given class, and sets attributes based on the dict content.

    As for `ToDict`, this does not work if the class has children
    who are ConfigObjects themselves (e.g. the nics list in an
    Instance), in which case the object should subclass the function
    and alter the objects.

    """
    if not isinstance(val, dict):
      raise errors.ConfigurationError("Invalid object passed to FromDict:"
                                      " expected dict, got %s" % type(val))
    val_str = dict([(str(k), v) for k, v in val.iteritems()])
    obj = cls(**val_str) # pylint: disable=W0142
    return obj

  @staticmethod
  def _ContainerToDicts(container):
    """Convert the elements of a container to standard python types.

    This method converts a container with elements derived from
    ConfigData to standard python types. If the container is a dict,
    we don't touch the keys, only the values.

    """
    if isinstance(container, dict):
      ret = dict([(k, v.ToDict()) for k, v in container.iteritems()])
    elif isinstance(container, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)):
      ret = [elem.ToDict() for elem in container]
    else:
      raise TypeError("Invalid type %s passed to _ContainerToDicts" %
                      type(container))
    return ret

  @staticmethod
  def _ContainerFromDicts(source, c_type, e_type):
    """Convert a container from standard python types.

    This method converts a container with standard python types to
    ConfigData objects. If the container is a dict, we don't touch the
    keys, only the values.

    """
    if not isinstance(c_type, type):
      raise TypeError("Container type %s passed to _ContainerFromDicts is"
                      " not a type" % type(c_type))
    if source is None:
      source = c_type()
    if c_type is dict:
      ret = dict([(k, e_type.FromDict(v)) for k, v in source.iteritems()])
    elif c_type in (list, tuple, set, frozenset):
      ret = c_type([e_type.FromDict(elem) for elem in source])
    else:
      raise TypeError("Invalid container type %s passed to"
                      " _ContainerFromDicts" % c_type)
    return ret

  def Copy(self):
    """Makes a deep copy of the current object and its children.

    """
    dict_form = self.ToDict()
    clone_obj = self.__class__.FromDict(dict_form)
    return clone_obj

  def __repr__(self):
    """Implement __repr__ for ConfigObjects."""
    return repr(self.ToDict())

  def UpgradeConfig(self):
    """Fill defaults for missing configuration values.

    This method will be called at configuration load time, and its
    implementation will be object dependent.

    """
    pass


class TaggableObject(ConfigObject):
  """An generic class supporting tags.

  """
  __slots__ = ["tags"]
  VALID_TAG_RE = re.compile("^[\w.+*/:@-]+$")

  @classmethod
  def ValidateTag(cls, tag):
    """Check if a tag is valid.

    If the tag is invalid, an errors.TagError will be raised. The
    function has no return value.

    """
    if not isinstance(tag, basestring):
      raise errors.TagError("Invalid tag type (not a string)")
    if len(tag) > constants.MAX_TAG_LEN:
      raise errors.TagError("Tag too long (>%d characters)" %
                            constants.MAX_TAG_LEN)
    if not tag:
      raise errors.TagError("Tags cannot be empty")
    if not cls.VALID_TAG_RE.match(tag):
      raise errors.TagError("Tag contains invalid characters")

  def GetTags(self):
    """Return the tags list.

    """
    tags = getattr(self, "tags", None)
    if tags is None:
      tags = self.tags = set()
    return tags

  def AddTag(self, tag):
    """Add a new tag.

    """
    self.ValidateTag(tag)
    tags = self.GetTags()
    if len(tags) >= constants.MAX_TAGS_PER_OBJ:
      raise errors.TagError("Too many tags")
    self.GetTags().add(tag)

  def RemoveTag(self, tag):
    """Remove a tag.

    """
    self.ValidateTag(tag)
    tags = self.GetTags()
    try:
      tags.remove(tag)
    except KeyError:
      raise errors.TagError("Tag not found")

  def ToDict(self):
    """Taggable-object-specific conversion to standard python types.

    This replaces the tags set with a list.

    """
    bo = super(TaggableObject, self).ToDict()

    tags = bo.get("tags", None)
    if isinstance(tags, set):
      bo["tags"] = list(tags)
    return bo

  @classmethod
  def FromDict(cls, val):
    """Custom function for instances.

    """
    obj = super(TaggableObject, cls).FromDict(val)
    if hasattr(obj, "tags") and isinstance(obj.tags, list):
      obj.tags = set(obj.tags)
    return obj


class MasterNetworkParameters(ConfigObject):
  """Network configuration parameters for the master

  @ivar name: master name
  @ivar ip: master IP
  @ivar netmask: master netmask
  @ivar netdev: master network device
  @ivar ip_family: master IP family

  """
  __slots__ = [
    "name",
    "ip",
    "netmask",
    "netdev",
    "ip_family",
    ]


class ConfigData(ConfigObject):
  """Top-level config object."""
  __slots__ = [
    "version",
    "cluster",
    "nodes",
    "nodegroups",
    "instances",
    "networks",
    "serial_no",
    ] + _TIMESTAMPS

  def ToDict(self):
    """Custom function for top-level config data.

    This just replaces the list of instances, nodes and the cluster
    with standard python types.

    """
    mydict = super(ConfigData, self).ToDict()
    mydict["cluster"] = mydict["cluster"].ToDict()
    for key in "nodes", "instances", "nodegroups", "networks":
      mydict[key] = self._ContainerToDicts(mydict[key])

    return mydict

  @classmethod
  def FromDict(cls, val):
    """Custom function for top-level config data

    """
    obj = super(ConfigData, cls).FromDict(val)
    obj.cluster = Cluster.FromDict(obj.cluster)
    obj.nodes = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.nodes, dict, Node)
    obj.instances = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.instances, dict, Instance)
    obj.nodegroups = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.nodegroups, dict, NodeGroup)
    obj.networks = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.networks, dict, Network)
    return obj

  def HasAnyDiskOfType(self, dev_type):
    """Check if in there is at disk of the given type in the configuration.

    @type dev_type: L{constants.LDS_BLOCK}
    @param dev_type: the type to look for
    @rtype: boolean
    @return: boolean indicating if a disk of the given type was found or not

    """
    for instance in self.instances.values():
      for disk in instance.disks:
        if disk.IsBasedOnDiskType(dev_type):
          return True
    return False

  def UpgradeConfig(self):
    """Fill defaults for missing configuration values.

    """
    self.cluster.UpgradeConfig()
    for node in self.nodes.values():
      node.UpgradeConfig()
    for instance in self.instances.values():
      instance.UpgradeConfig()
    if self.nodegroups is None:
      self.nodegroups = {}
    for nodegroup in self.nodegroups.values():
      nodegroup.UpgradeConfig()
    if self.cluster.drbd_usermode_helper is None:
      # To decide if we set an helper let's check if at least one instance has
      # a DRBD disk. This does not cover all the possible scenarios but it
      # gives a good approximation.
      if self.HasAnyDiskOfType(constants.LD_DRBD8):
        self.cluster.drbd_usermode_helper = constants.DEFAULT_DRBD_HELPER
    if self.networks is None:
      self.networks = {}


class NIC(ConfigObject):
  """Config object representing a network card."""
  __slots__ = ["mac", "ip", "network", "nicparams", "netinfo"]

  @classmethod
  def CheckParameterSyntax(cls, nicparams):
    """Check the given parameters for validity.

    @type nicparams:  dict
    @param nicparams: dictionary with parameter names/value
    @raise errors.ConfigurationError: when a parameter is not valid

    """
    mode = nicparams[constants.NIC_MODE]
    if (mode not in constants.NIC_VALID_MODES and
        mode != constants.VALUE_AUTO):
      raise errors.ConfigurationError("Invalid NIC mode '%s'" % mode)

    if (mode == constants.NIC_MODE_BRIDGED and
        not nicparams[constants.NIC_LINK]):
      raise errors.ConfigurationError("Missing bridged NIC link")


class Disk(ConfigObject):
  """Config object representing a block device."""
  __slots__ = ["dev_type", "logical_id", "physical_id",
               "children", "iv_name", "size", "mode", "params"]

  def CreateOnSecondary(self):
    """Test if this device needs to be created on a secondary node."""
    return self.dev_type in (constants.LD_DRBD8, constants.LD_LV)

  def AssembleOnSecondary(self):
    """Test if this device needs to be assembled on a secondary node."""
    return self.dev_type in (constants.LD_DRBD8, constants.LD_LV)

  def OpenOnSecondary(self):
    """Test if this device needs to be opened on a secondary node."""
    return self.dev_type in (constants.LD_LV,)

  def StaticDevPath(self):
    """Return the device path if this device type has a static one.

    Some devices (LVM for example) live always at the same /dev/ path,
    irrespective of their status. For such devices, we return this
    path, for others we return None.

    @warning: The path returned is not a normalized pathname; callers
        should check that it is a valid path.

    """
    if self.dev_type == constants.LD_LV:
      return "/dev/%s/%s" % (self.logical_id[0], self.logical_id[1])
    elif self.dev_type == constants.LD_BLOCKDEV:
      return self.logical_id[1]
    elif self.dev_type == constants.LD_RBD:
      return "/dev/%s/%s" % (self.logical_id[0], self.logical_id[1])
    return None

  def ChildrenNeeded(self):
    """Compute the needed number of children for activation.

    This method will return either -1 (all children) or a positive
    number denoting the minimum number of children needed for
    activation (only mirrored devices will usually return >=0).

    Currently, only DRBD8 supports diskless activation (therefore we
    return 0), for all other we keep the previous semantics and return
    -1.

    """
    if self.dev_type == constants.LD_DRBD8:
      return 0
    return -1

  def IsBasedOnDiskType(self, dev_type):
    """Check if the disk or its children are based on the given type.

    @type dev_type: L{constants.LDS_BLOCK}
    @param dev_type: the type to look for
    @rtype: boolean
    @return: boolean indicating if a device of the given type was found or not

    """
    if self.children:
      for child in self.children:
        if child.IsBasedOnDiskType(dev_type):
          return True
    return self.dev_type == dev_type

  def GetNodes(self, node):
    """This function returns the nodes this device lives on.

    Given the node on which the parent of the device lives on (or, in
    case of a top-level device, the primary node of the devices'
    instance), this function will return a list of nodes on which this
    devices needs to (or can) be assembled.

    """
    if self.dev_type in [constants.LD_LV, constants.LD_FILE,
                         constants.LD_BLOCKDEV, constants.LD_RBD,
                         constants.LD_EXT]:
      result = [node]
    elif self.dev_type in constants.LDS_DRBD:
      result = [self.logical_id[0], self.logical_id[1]]
      if node not in result:
        raise errors.ConfigurationError("DRBD device passed unknown node")
    else:
      raise errors.ProgrammerError("Unhandled device type %s" % self.dev_type)
    return result

  def ComputeNodeTree(self, parent_node):
    """Compute the node/disk tree for this disk and its children.

    This method, given the node on which the parent disk lives, will
    return the list of all (node, disk) pairs which describe the disk
    tree in the most compact way. For example, a drbd/lvm stack
    will be returned as (primary_node, drbd) and (secondary_node, drbd)
    which represents all the top-level devices on the nodes.

    """
    my_nodes = self.GetNodes(parent_node)
    result = [(node, self) for node in my_nodes]
    if not self.children:
      # leaf device
      return result
    for node in my_nodes:
      for child in self.children:
        child_result = child.ComputeNodeTree(node)
        if len(child_result) == 1:
          # child (and all its descendants) is simple, doesn't split
          # over multiple hosts, so we don't need to describe it, our
          # own entry for this node describes it completely
          continue
        else:
          # check if child nodes differ from my nodes; note that
          # subdisk can differ from the child itself, and be instead
          # one of its descendants
          for subnode, subdisk in child_result:
            if subnode not in my_nodes:
              result.append((subnode, subdisk))
            # otherwise child is under our own node, so we ignore this
            # entry (but probably the other results in the list will
            # be different)
    return result

  def ComputeGrowth(self, amount):
    """Compute the per-VG growth requirements.

    This only works for VG-based disks.

    @type amount: integer
    @param amount: the desired increase in (user-visible) disk space
    @rtype: dict
    @return: a dictionary of volume-groups and the required size

    """
    if self.dev_type == constants.LD_LV:
      return {self.logical_id[0]: amount}
    elif self.dev_type == constants.LD_DRBD8:
      if self.children:
        return self.children[0].ComputeGrowth(amount)
      else:
        return {}
    else:
      # Other disk types do not require VG space
      return {}

  def RecordGrow(self, amount):
    """Update the size of this disk after growth.

    This method recurses over the disks's children and updates their
    size correspondigly. The method needs to be kept in sync with the
    actual algorithms from bdev.

    """
    if self.dev_type in (constants.LD_LV, constants.LD_FILE,
                         constants.LD_RBD, constants.LD_EXT):
      self.size += amount
    elif self.dev_type == constants.LD_DRBD8:
      if self.children:
        self.children[0].RecordGrow(amount)
      self.size += amount
    else:
      raise errors.ProgrammerError("Disk.RecordGrow called for unsupported"
                                   " disk type %s" % self.dev_type)

  def Update(self, size=None, mode=None):
    """Apply changes to size and mode.

    """
    if self.dev_type == constants.LD_DRBD8:
      if self.children:
        self.children[0].Update(size=size, mode=mode)
    else:
      assert not self.children

    if size is not None:
      self.size = size
    if mode is not None:
      self.mode = mode

  def UnsetSize(self):
    """Sets recursively the size to zero for the disk and its children.

    """
    if self.children:
      for child in self.children:
        child.UnsetSize()
    self.size = 0

  def SetPhysicalID(self, target_node, nodes_ip):
    """Convert the logical ID to the physical ID.

    This is used only for drbd, which needs ip/port configuration.

    The routine descends down and updates its children also, because
    this helps when the only the top device is passed to the remote
    node.

    Arguments:
      - target_node: the node we wish to configure for
      - nodes_ip: a mapping of node name to ip

    The target_node must exist in in nodes_ip, and must be one of the
    nodes in the logical ID for each of the DRBD devices encountered
    in the disk tree.

    """
    if self.children:
      for child in self.children:
        child.SetPhysicalID(target_node, nodes_ip)

    if self.logical_id is None and self.physical_id is not None:
      return
    if self.dev_type in constants.LDS_DRBD:
      pnode, snode, port, pminor, sminor, secret = self.logical_id
      if target_node not in (pnode, snode):
        raise errors.ConfigurationError("DRBD device not knowing node %s" %
                                        target_node)
      pnode_ip = nodes_ip.get(pnode, None)
      snode_ip = nodes_ip.get(snode, None)
      if pnode_ip is None or snode_ip is None:
        raise errors.ConfigurationError("Can't find primary or secondary node"
                                        " for %s" % str(self))
      p_data = (pnode_ip, port)
      s_data = (snode_ip, port)
      if pnode == target_node:
        self.physical_id = p_data + s_data + (pminor, secret)
      else: # it must be secondary, we tested above
        self.physical_id = s_data + p_data + (sminor, secret)
    else:
      self.physical_id = self.logical_id
    return

  def ToDict(self):
    """Disk-specific conversion to standard python types.

    This replaces the children lists of objects with lists of
    standard python types.

    """
    bo = super(Disk, self).ToDict()

    for attr in ("children",):
      alist = bo.get(attr, None)
      if alist:
        bo[attr] = self._ContainerToDicts(alist)
    return bo

  @classmethod
  def FromDict(cls, val):
    """Custom function for Disks

    """
    obj = super(Disk, cls).FromDict(val)
    if obj.children:
      obj.children = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.children, list, Disk)
    if obj.logical_id and isinstance(obj.logical_id, list):
      obj.logical_id = tuple(obj.logical_id)
    if obj.physical_id and isinstance(obj.physical_id, list):
      obj.physical_id = tuple(obj.physical_id)
    if obj.dev_type in constants.LDS_DRBD:
      # we need a tuple of length six here
      if len(obj.logical_id) < 6:
        obj.logical_id += (None,) * (6 - len(obj.logical_id))
    return obj

  def __str__(self):
    """Custom str() formatter for disks.

    """
    if self.dev_type == constants.LD_LV:
      val = "<LogicalVolume(/dev/%s/%s" % self.logical_id
    elif self.dev_type in constants.LDS_DRBD:
      node_a, node_b, port, minor_a, minor_b = self.logical_id[:5]
      val = "<DRBD8("
      if self.physical_id is None:
        phy = "unconfigured"
      else:
        phy = ("configured as %s:%s %s:%s" %
               (self.physical_id[0], self.physical_id[1],
                self.physical_id[2], self.physical_id[3]))

      val += ("hosts=%s/%d-%s/%d, port=%s, %s, " %
              (node_a, minor_a, node_b, minor_b, port, phy))
      if self.children and self.children.count(None) == 0:
        val += "backend=%s, metadev=%s" % (self.children[0], self.children[1])
      else:
        val += "no local storage"
    else:
      val = ("<Disk(type=%s, logical_id=%s, physical_id=%s, children=%s" %
             (self.dev_type, self.logical_id, self.physical_id, self.children))
    if self.iv_name is None:
      val += ", not visible"
    else:
      val += ", visible as /dev/%s" % self.iv_name
    if isinstance(self.size, int):
      val += ", size=%dm)>" % self.size
    else:
      val += ", size='%s')>" % (self.size,)
    return val

  def Verify(self):
    """Checks that this disk is correctly configured.

    """
    all_errors = []
    if self.mode not in constants.DISK_ACCESS_SET:
      all_errors.append("Disk access mode '%s' is invalid" % (self.mode, ))
    return all_errors

  def UpgradeConfig(self):
    """Fill defaults for missing configuration values.

    """
    if self.children:
      for child in self.children:
        child.UpgradeConfig()

    # FIXME: Make this configurable in Ganeti 2.7
    self.params = {}
    # add here config upgrade for this disk

  @staticmethod
  def ComputeLDParams(disk_template, disk_params):
    """Computes Logical Disk parameters from Disk Template parameters.

    @type disk_template: string
    @param disk_template: disk template, one of L{constants.DISK_TEMPLATES}
    @type disk_params: dict
    @param disk_params: disk template parameters;
                        dict(template_name -> parameters
    @rtype: list(dict)
    @return: a list of dicts, one for each node of the disk hierarchy. Each dict
      contains the LD parameters of the node. The tree is flattened in-order.

    """
    if disk_template not in constants.DISK_TEMPLATES:
      raise errors.ProgrammerError("Unknown disk template %s" % disk_template)

    assert disk_template in disk_params

    result = list()
    dt_params = disk_params[disk_template]
    if disk_template == constants.DT_DRBD8:
      result.append(FillDict(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_DRBD8], {
        constants.LDP_RESYNC_RATE: dt_params[constants.DRBD_RESYNC_RATE],
        constants.LDP_BARRIERS: dt_params[constants.DRBD_DISK_BARRIERS],
        constants.LDP_NO_META_FLUSH: dt_params[constants.DRBD_META_BARRIERS],
        constants.LDP_DEFAULT_METAVG: dt_params[constants.DRBD_DEFAULT_METAVG],
        constants.LDP_DISK_CUSTOM: dt_params[constants.DRBD_DISK_CUSTOM],
        constants.LDP_NET_CUSTOM: dt_params[constants.DRBD_NET_CUSTOM],
        constants.LDP_DYNAMIC_RESYNC: dt_params[constants.DRBD_DYNAMIC_RESYNC],
        constants.LDP_PLAN_AHEAD: dt_params[constants.DRBD_PLAN_AHEAD],
        constants.LDP_FILL_TARGET: dt_params[constants.DRBD_FILL_TARGET],
        constants.LDP_DELAY_TARGET: dt_params[constants.DRBD_DELAY_TARGET],
        constants.LDP_MAX_RATE: dt_params[constants.DRBD_MAX_RATE],
        constants.LDP_MIN_RATE: dt_params[constants.DRBD_MIN_RATE],
        }))

      # data LV
      result.append(FillDict(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_LV], {
        constants.LDP_STRIPES: dt_params[constants.DRBD_DATA_STRIPES],
        }))

      # metadata LV
      result.append(FillDict(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_LV], {
        constants.LDP_STRIPES: dt_params[constants.DRBD_META_STRIPES],
        }))

    elif disk_template in (constants.DT_FILE, constants.DT_SHARED_FILE):
      result.append(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_FILE])

    elif disk_template == constants.DT_PLAIN:
      result.append(FillDict(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_LV], {
        constants.LDP_STRIPES: dt_params[constants.LV_STRIPES],
        }))

    elif disk_template == constants.DT_BLOCK:
      result.append(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_BLOCKDEV])

    elif disk_template == constants.DT_RBD:
      result.append(FillDict(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_RBD], {
        constants.LDP_POOL: dt_params[constants.RBD_POOL],
        }))

    elif disk_template == constants.DT_EXT:
      result.append(constants.DISK_LD_DEFAULTS[constants.LD_EXT])

    return result


class InstancePolicy(ConfigObject):
  """Config object representing instance policy limits dictionary.


  Note that this object is not actually used in the config, it's just
  used as a placeholder for a few functions.

  """
  @classmethod
  def CheckParameterSyntax(cls, ipolicy, check_std):
    """ Check the instance policy for validity.

    """
    for param in constants.ISPECS_PARAMETERS:
      InstancePolicy.CheckISpecSyntax(ipolicy, param, check_std)
    if constants.IPOLICY_DTS in ipolicy:
      InstancePolicy.CheckDiskTemplates(ipolicy[constants.IPOLICY_DTS])
    for key in constants.IPOLICY_PARAMETERS:
      if key in ipolicy:
        InstancePolicy.CheckParameter(key, ipolicy[key])
    wrong_keys = frozenset(ipolicy.keys()) - constants.IPOLICY_ALL_KEYS
    if wrong_keys:
      raise errors.ConfigurationError("Invalid keys in ipolicy: %s" %
                                      utils.CommaJoin(wrong_keys))

  @classmethod
  def CheckISpecSyntax(cls, ipolicy, name, check_std):
    """Check the instance policy for validity on a given key.

    We check if the instance policy makes sense for a given key, that is
    if ipolicy[min][name] <= ipolicy[std][name] <= ipolicy[max][name].

    @type ipolicy: dict
    @param ipolicy: dictionary with min, max, std specs
    @type name: string
    @param name: what are the limits for
    @type check_std: bool
    @param check_std: Whether to check std value or just assume compliance
    @raise errors.ConfigureError: when specs for given name are not valid

    """
    min_v = ipolicy[constants.ISPECS_MIN].get(name, 0)

    if check_std:
      std_v = ipolicy[constants.ISPECS_STD].get(name, min_v)
      std_msg = std_v
    else:
      std_v = min_v
      std_msg = "-"

    max_v = ipolicy[constants.ISPECS_MAX].get(name, std_v)
    err = ("Invalid specification of min/max/std values for %s: %s/%s/%s" %
           (name,
            ipolicy[constants.ISPECS_MIN].get(name, "-"),
            ipolicy[constants.ISPECS_MAX].get(name, "-"),
            std_msg))
    if min_v > std_v or std_v > max_v:
      raise errors.ConfigurationError(err)

  @classmethod
  def CheckDiskTemplates(cls, disk_templates):
    """Checks the disk templates for validity.

    """
    wrong = frozenset(disk_templates).difference(constants.DISK_TEMPLATES)
    if wrong:
      raise errors.ConfigurationError("Invalid disk template(s) %s" %
                                      utils.CommaJoin(wrong))

  @classmethod
  def CheckParameter(cls, key, value):
    """Checks a parameter.

    Currently we expect all parameters to be float values.

    """
    try:
      float(value)
    except (TypeError, ValueError), err:
      raise errors.ConfigurationError("Invalid value for key" " '%s':"
                                      " '%s', error: %s" % (key, value, err))


class Instance(TaggableObject):
  """Config object representing an instance."""
  __slots__ = [
    "name",
    "primary_node",
    "os",
    "hypervisor",
    "hvparams",
    "beparams",
    "osparams",
    "admin_state",
    "nics",
    "disks",
    "disk_template",
    "network_port",
    "serial_no",
    ] + _TIMESTAMPS + _UUID

  def _ComputeSecondaryNodes(self):
    """Compute the list of secondary nodes.

    This is a simple wrapper over _ComputeAllNodes.

    """
    all_nodes = set(self._ComputeAllNodes())
    all_nodes.discard(self.primary_node)
    return tuple(all_nodes)

  secondary_nodes = property(_ComputeSecondaryNodes, None, None,
                             "List of names of secondary nodes")

  def _ComputeAllNodes(self):
    """Compute the list of all nodes.

    Since the data is already there (in the drbd disks), keeping it as
    a separate normal attribute is redundant and if not properly
    synchronised can cause problems. Thus it's better to compute it
    dynamically.

    """
    def _Helper(nodes, device):
      """Recursively computes nodes given a top device."""
      if device.dev_type in constants.LDS_DRBD:
        nodea, nodeb = device.logical_id[:2]
        nodes.add(nodea)
        nodes.add(nodeb)
      if device.children:
        for child in device.children:
          _Helper(nodes, child)

    all_nodes = set()
    all_nodes.add(self.primary_node)
    for device in self.disks:
      _Helper(all_nodes, device)
    return tuple(all_nodes)

  all_nodes = property(_ComputeAllNodes, None, None,
                       "List of names of all the nodes of the instance")

  def MapLVsByNode(self, lvmap=None, devs=None, node=None):
    """Provide a mapping of nodes to LVs this instance owns.

    This function figures out what logical volumes should belong on
    which nodes, recursing through a device tree.

    @param lvmap: optional dictionary to receive the
        'node' : ['lv', ...] data.

    @return: None if lvmap arg is given, otherwise, a dictionary of
        the form { 'nodename' : ['volume1', 'volume2', ...], ... };
        volumeN is of the form "vg_name/lv_name", compatible with
        GetVolumeList()

    """
    if node is None:
      node = self.primary_node

    if lvmap is None:
      lvmap = {
        node: [],
        }
      ret = lvmap
    else:
      if not node in lvmap:
        lvmap[node] = []
      ret = None

    if not devs:
      devs = self.disks

    for dev in devs:
      if dev.dev_type == constants.LD_LV:
        lvmap[node].append(dev.logical_id[0] + "/" + dev.logical_id[1])

      elif dev.dev_type in constants.LDS_DRBD:
        if dev.children:
          self.MapLVsByNode(lvmap, dev.children, dev.logical_id[0])
          self.MapLVsByNode(lvmap, dev.children, dev.logical_id[1])

      elif dev.children:
        self.MapLVsByNode(lvmap, dev.children, node)

    return ret

  def FindDisk(self, idx):
    """Find a disk given having a specified index.

    This is just a wrapper that does validation of the index.

    @type idx: int
    @param idx: the disk index
    @rtype: L{Disk}
    @return: the corresponding disk
    @raise errors.OpPrereqError: when the given index is not valid

    """
    try:
      idx = int(idx)
      return self.disks[idx]
    except (TypeError, ValueError), err:
      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Invalid disk index: '%s'" % str(err),
                                 errors.ECODE_INVAL)
    except IndexError:
      raise errors.OpPrereqError("Invalid disk index: %d (instace has disks"
                                 " 0 to %d" % (idx, len(self.disks) - 1),
                                 errors.ECODE_INVAL)

  def ToDict(self):
    """Instance-specific conversion to standard python types.

    This replaces the children lists of objects with lists of standard
    python types.

    """
    bo = super(Instance, self).ToDict()

    for attr in "nics", "disks":
      alist = bo.get(attr, None)
      if alist:
        nlist = self._ContainerToDicts(alist)
      else:
        nlist = []
      bo[attr] = nlist
    return bo

  @classmethod
  def FromDict(cls, val):
    """Custom function for instances.

    """
    if "admin_state" not in val:
      if val.get("admin_up", False):
        val["admin_state"] = constants.ADMINST_UP
      else:
        val["admin_state"] = constants.ADMINST_DOWN
    if "admin_up" in val:
      del val["admin_up"]
    obj = super(Instance, cls).FromDict(val)
    obj.nics = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.nics, list, NIC)
    obj.disks = cls._ContainerFromDicts(obj.disks, list, Disk)
    return obj

  def UpgradeConfig(self):
    """Fill defaults for missing configuration values.

    """
    for nic in self.nics:
      nic.UpgradeConfig()
    for disk in self.disks:
      disk.UpgradeConfig()
    if self.hvparams:
      for key in constants.HVC_GLOBALS:
        try:
          del self.hvparams[key]
        except KeyError:
          pass
    if self.osparams is None:
      self.osparams = {}
    UpgradeBeParams(self.beparams)


class OS(ConfigObject):
  """Config object representing an operating system.

  @type supported_parameters: list
  @ivar supported_parameters: a list of tuples, name and description,
      containing the supported parameters by this OS

  @type VARIANT_DELIM: string
  @cvar VARIANT_DELIM: the variant delimiter

  """
  __slots__ = [
    "name",
    "path",
    "api_versions",
    "create_script",
    "export_script",
    "import_script",
    "rename_script",
    "verify_script",
    "supported_variants",
    "supported_parameters",
    ]

  VARIANT_DELIM = "+"

  @classmethod
  def SplitNameVariant(cls, name):
    """Splits the name into the proper name and variant.

    @param name: the OS (unprocessed) name
    @rtype: list
    @return: a list of two elements; if the original name didn't
        contain a variant, it's returned as an empty string

    """
    nv = name.split(cls.VARIANT_DELIM, 1)
    if len(nv) == 1:
      nv.append("")
    return nv

  @classmethod
  def GetName(cls, name):
    """Returns the proper name of the os (without the variant).

    @param name: the OS (unprocessed) name

    """
    return cls.SplitNameVariant(name)[0]

  @classmethod
  def GetVariant(cls, name):
    """Returns the variant the os (without the base name).

    @param name: the OS (unprocessed) name

    """
    return cls.SplitNameVariant(name)[1]


class ExtStorage(ConfigObject):
  """Config object representing an External Storage Provider.

  """
  __slots__ = [
    "name",
    "path",
    "create_script",
    "remove_script",
    "grow_script",
    "attach_script",
    "detach_script",
    "setinfo_script",
    "verify_script",
    "supported_parameters",
    ]


class NodeHvState(ConfigObject):
  """Hypvervisor state on a node.

  @ivar mem_total: Total amount of memory
  @ivar mem_node: Memory used by, or reserved for, the node itself (not always
    available)
  @ivar mem_hv: Memory used by hypervisor or lost due to instance allocation
    rounding
  @ivar mem_inst: Memory used by instances living on node
  @ivar cpu_total: Total node CPU core count
  @ivar cpu_node: Number of CPU cores reserved for the node itself

  """
  __slots__ = [
    "mem_total",
    "mem_node",
    "mem_hv",
    "mem_inst",
    "cpu_total",
    "cpu_node",
    ] + _TIMESTAMPS


class NodeDiskState(ConfigObject):
  """Disk state on a node.

  """
  __slots__ = [
    "total",
    "reserved",
    "overhead",
    ] + _TIMESTAMPS


class Node(TaggableObject):
  """Config object representing a node.

  @ivar hv_state: Hypervisor state (e.g. number of CPUs)
  @ivar hv_state_static: Hypervisor state overriden by user
  @ivar disk_state: Disk state (e.g. free space)
  @ivar disk_state_static: Disk state overriden by user

  """
  __slots__ = [
    "name",
    "primary_ip",
    "secondary_ip",
    "serial_no",
    "master_candidate",
    "offline",
    "drained",
    "group",
    "master_capable",
    "vm_capable",
    "ndparams",
    "powered",
    "hv_state",
    "hv_state_static",